Snakes of Southwest Missouri

Southwest Missouri is home to a wide variety of native wildlife, and among the most misunderstood creatures in the region are snakes. While many people fear them, snakes play a vital role in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations and serving as both predator and prey in the food chain.

The region’s mix of forests, grasslands, and waterways provides an ideal habitat for over 40 species of snakes, though only a handful are venomous. The most common venomous snakes in Southwest Missouri include the copperhead, cottonmouth (also known as a water moccasin), and the timber rattlesnake. Despite their venomous nature, these snakes are generally shy and prefer to avoid human contact. Bites are rare and usually occur only when the snake is accidentally provoked or stepped on.

Non-venomous snakes, such as the eastern garter snake, black rat snake, and western ribbon snake, are more frequently encountered. These species are harmless to hu- mans and beneficial to have around, especially in controlling pests like mice and insects. Black rat snakes, for example, are excellent climbers and can often be found in barns and attics hunting for rodents.

Snakes in this region become most active from spring through early fall. During warmer months, they can be found sunning themselves on rocks or trails. In colder seasons, they retreat underground or into rock crevices to hibernate.

Misidentification often leads to unnecessary killing of snakes. Learning to distinguish between venomous and non-venomous species can help reduce fear and promote coexistence. For example, the triangular head and elliptical pupils of a copperhead differ from the rounded features of most harmless species.

It’s important for residents and hikers to stay aware, especially in wooded or wet areas. Avoiding tall grass, watching where you step, and not reaching into unseen crevices can help prevent negative encounters.

Guide to Identifying Common Snakes in SW Missouri

GOOD SNAKES

Non-Venomous Snakes

Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)

• Appearance: Greenish, brown, or black with three yellowish stripes down the back and sides.

• Size: 18–26 inches.

• Habitat: Meadows, woodlands, near water.

• Notes: Very common and harmless; may emit a musk if threatened.

Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)

• Appearance: Solid black body with a white chin and belly; juveniles are blotched.

• Size: 3–6 feet.

• Habitat: Forests, farmlands, barns.

• Notes: Excellent climbers; helpful for rodent control.

Western Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus)

• Appearance: Slim with long tail; dark body with yellow stripes.

• Size: 20–30 inches.

• Habitat: Near water, marshes, grasslands.

• Notes: Fast-moving; often confused with garter snakes.

Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)

• Appearance: Varies in color, upturned snout.

• Size: 2–3 feet.

• Habitat: Sandy soil, woodlands.

• Notes: Famous for dramatic bluffing displays — flattening head or playing dead.

NOPE ROPES  

Use Caution Venomous Snakes

Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)

• Appearance: Copper-colored head, hourglass bands on a tan body.

• Size: 2–3 feet.

• Habitat: Forests, rocky hillsides, leaf litter.

• Notes: Blends well with surroundings; bites rarely fatal, but seek medical help.

Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)

• Appearance: Dark crossbands on a gray or brown body, rattle on tail.

• Size: 3–5 feet.

• Habitat: Forested, rocky areas.

• Notes: Shy; will usually rattle as a warning before striking.

Western Cottonmouth / Water Moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus)

• Appearance: Thick body, dark coloration, white mouth lining.

• Size: 2–4 feet

• Habitat: Swamps, streams, ponds.

• Notes: Semi-aquatic; opens mouth as a defensive display.

Tips for Identification and Safety:

• Head Shape: Venomous snakes often have a triangular head; non-venomous have a more rounded shape.

• Pupil Shape: Venomous snakes in Missouri have vertical (cat-like) pupils; non-venomous have round pupils.

• Behavior: Most snakes prefer escape to confrontation. Don’t attempt to handle wild snakes.